Former National Park Ranger Melissa Dalley, 49, speaks during the America 433+ teach-in at Harpers Ferry National Historic Park on June 19.
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HARPERS FERRY, W. Va. — The summer of 2026 was going to be a triumphant debut for former National Park Ranger Elizabeth Kerwin.
Kerwin, who used to be the exhibit planner at West Virginia’s Harpers Ferry National Historic Park, had spent years building a wall of remembrance to highlight hundreds of enslaved people with ties to this historic site — a place best known for a violent raid that attempted to incite an uprising and end American slavery.
Instead, the old stone building that was set to house Kerwin’s exhibit has sat empty. The door, locked. Its windows boarded up. The only indicator of what might have been is a green sign at the top of the entryway. “African-American History,” it says.
The would-be exhibit is one of dozens that were scrubbed from federal land by the Trump administration as the nation prepared to honor the 250th anniversary of the United States.
These removals, which began after President Trump signed an executive order aimed at “restoring truth and sanity to American history,” have prompted lawsuits and protests.
Elizabeth Kerwin, 58, poses for a photo ahead of the America 433+ teach-in at Harpers Ferry National Historic Park. Kerwin spent several years working on a new Black history exhibit, which was nixed by federal officials following an executive order from President Trump.
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“Over the past decade, Americans have witnessed a concerted and widespread effort to rewrite our Nation’s history, replacing objective facts with a distorted narrative driven by ideology rather than truth,” the order read. “Under this historical revision, our Nation’s unparalleled legacy of advancing liberty, individual rights, and human happiness is reconstructed as inherently racist, sexist, oppressive, or otherwise irredeemably flawed.”
Neither the National Park Service nor the U.S. Department of the Interior responded to multiple requests for comment for this story.
The about-face felt personal to former parks workers who spent their careers preserving artifacts that have now been deemed too radical for display.
Some, like Kerwin, 58, decided to push back. They began to organize under the moniker “Resistance Rangers” and helped found an education coalition dubbed America 433+ in reference to the 433 sites that comprise the National Park System.
This summer, advocates and former federal workers say they are trying to redefine the message of the country’s 250th anniversary by hosting protests, teach-ins and other events aimed at honoring the country’s diversity and complex history.
First stop: Harpers Ferry.
Honoring Juneteenth
On the sun-drenched afternoon of June 19, the historic main street here was crowded with families. Some got ice cream or perused shops, while others read up on the historic placards that dot the stone path.
“Hello,” Anna Bakalis, a volunteer from former federal worker collective Branch4, said as she handed postcards to a group of tourists. “We’re actually doing a little exhibit talk in a few minutes about the erasure of an African American exhibit that was right around the corner that this park actually censored.”
Visitors watch an informational video at the John Brown Museum at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.
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The ex-rangers picked Juneteenth — the federal holiday that honors the day in 1865 that enslaved people in Texas learned that slavery had been abolished — to launch their public education campaign. It’s a nod to Black history and the speed at which it was being removed from public sites, said Melissa Dalley, a Resistance Ranger and former park guide at the Martin Van Buren National Historic Site in upstate New York.
Holding it on site at Harpers Ferry meant the rangers could capture the very audience they might have reached with Kerwin’s exhibit. Only now, Dalley said, they had a more urgent message.
“The only way that change has ever happened in this country is through a small, committed group of American citizens working really hard,” Dalley said. “What we’re doing out here is trying to recruit those people into that citizen army.”
After Trump signed the 2025 executive order that redefined what stories and artifacts could be featured at national parks and historic sites, the National Parks Conservation Association and other advocacy groups sued the Department of the Interior, challenging the agency’s ability to enforce it.
A week before Juneteenth, a federal judge ordered the government to cease any further removals and replace any historic materials already taken down from national sites.
In her order, U.S. District Judge Angel Kelley wrote that “history cannot be faithfully told while excluding the experiences of communities whose contributions, struggles, and achievements form an important part of our Nation’s story.”
The removed exhibits, according to the federal judge, touch on issues of climate change, Black history, women’s suffrage, civil rights and indigenous tribes, including: information at Glacier National Park in Montana that detailed the impact of carbon dioxide emissions and hotter temperatures; roughly 80 artifacts from the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail in Alabama that mark the 1965 march for voting rights; and exhibits detailing historic slave rebellions or massacres of indigenous peoples.
Former National Park Service historian Ella Wagner, 35, and ex-ranger Melissa Dalley, 49, unpack activity booklets for the America 433+ teach-in at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.
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Kelley ordered the DOI to reinstate the nixed exhibits before July 4 and the nation’s 250th anniversary celebration. When the government asked the court to push back its deadline and delay implementation, the judge declined.
Kelley ordered that 52 items be put back in place at more than 30 federal sites, beginning the week of June 22.
It was not immediately clear if Kerwin’s exhibit, which was axed before it ever opened to the public, would also be reinstated. But the Resistance Rangers are done waiting for officials to act. They’ve printed copies of banned pamphlets and made plans to bring information the government wants out of federal parks directly to visitors.
The Resistance Rangers will set out again Saturday for a national protest of Trump’s vision of the 250th celebration. Organizers intend to solicit signatures onto a “declaration of interdependence” that advocates for safety, dignity, living wages and access to a clean environment for all.
A ‘debt to the past’
A stone obelisk bearing the words “John Brown’s Fort” marks the spot where, in 1859, abolitionist John Brown and more than 20 of his followers captured a U.S. military armory. The plan was to seize the weapons and then hand them out to enslaved people who they hoped would revolt and join their cause.
But the mass rebellion Brown predicted never materialized, leaving him and his comrades trapped inside the arsenal. Days later, the U.S. Marines snuffed out the uprising, captured Brown and ultimately executed him.
The John Brown Monument at Harpers Ferry National Park.
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More than 160 years later, Brown is still remembered for giving his life to the cause of abolition. But the Black men who joined him in this battle typically get second billing.
Kerwin said she hoped her exhibition might help change that.
She and her colleagues compiled a database of names of hundreds of enslaved people who lived in the area from 1769 to 1861 — many of whom had not previously been identified publicly in historic accounts.
Visitors would have heard the account of Osborne Perry Anderson, the lone surviving Black member of John Brown’s raid, former rangers said.
An African-American history exhibit was years in the making at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park when it was abruptly cancelled by the Trump administration. A year later, the building that was supposed to house the exhibit sits empty.
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Informational signs are placed around Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.
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Instead, this month, tourists were greeted with a shuttered building and a scannable QR code that links to a five-paragraph overview of the park’s African American history.
That, Kerwin said, is not enough.
“The people who were overlooked and unnamed and didn’t count in the official record, they deserve to take up space in our national memory,” Kerwin said. “They are America.”
When her project was sidelined, Kerwin said, she was devastated. Not just for herself and the years she had spent on the piece, but for the public, for her country and for her teenage son — a Black boy who she hoped might see his own history reflected in the exhibit’s walls.
“He was foremost in my heart as I was working on this,” Kerwin said. “I hoped he would see strength and resilience in that story.”
Steven Mintz, a history professor at the University of Texas at Austin, did not attend the event, but said that even from afar, it seemed powerful — and necessary.
Mintz compared the former rangers’ teach-in to similar public education campaigns during the Vietnam War, and commended them for doing what they could to ensure the Black families and individuals whose history remains tied up with Harpers Ferry are not forgotten.
“The most lasting form of reparations is remembrance. We owe a debt to the past,” Mintz said. “All of the prosperity we enjoy and the freedoms we enjoy are due to the people who were willing to sacrifice for us. We have a duty to remember them.”
The work is not done
On Juneteenth, Kerwin still got her chance to tell the story of what might have been.
A steady trickle of visitors to the park made their way up the hill to the spot where the group had set up tables filled with banned books, workbooks discontinued by the Trump administration and wooden “junior Resistance Ranger” badges for those willing to take a pledge to “protect our parks, history and science by speaking up, learning and sharing the full stories of our national parks.”
Zinn Education Project’s Deborah Menkart, in the red shirt, shares examples of banned books and other reading materials during the America 433+ teach-in at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.
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Newly banned booklets from other National Parks are displayed during the America 433+ pop up at Harpers Ferry National Park; Junior Resistance Ranger pins are given out at the same event.
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“It’s really disturbing to see that there’s two educational booklets for children from different Black history sites that are no longer being printed because of our government’s decision to support racism instead of justice and liberty for all,” said Cathy Fulkerson, 69, a visitor from New Hampshire.
As visitors like Fulkerson settled into folding chairs arranged along the same grassy knoll where John Brown and his followers fought their way into the red-brick armory, Kerwin rose, stepped to the microphone and looked out at the crowd gathered before her.
She remembered why she had wanted to hold this teach-in: To tell stories history had ignored or forgotten, and to set an example for her 13-year-old son. When she cast her eyes out into the crowd, searching for his small face and dyed locs, Daniel had disappeared.
The eighth grader later said what he did next would surprise them both.
Kerwin began to speak on the erasure of Black history, the exhibit she had dreamed up for her son and generations of kids like him. And there was Daniel. Standing at her side.
Kerwin speaks at the America 433+ teach-in at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park alongside her son, Daniel Nisbett, 13.
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